and demonstrated that they work reliably even under adverse weather conditions. The cart had to be sturdy to be used on construction sites under all weather conditions, easy to move and to use, and especially safe.” g 3 handling carts were already used on several g 3 projects, such as Sellindge in England, Kilmarnock in Scotland, Grimaud in France. The g 3 handling cart was configured to help meet all of these requirements.įrédéric Loray, Industrial Markets and Design Manager at Air Liquide, explains, “we chose the components, established the architecture and integrated functionalities based both on my previous experience in HV substations and on Air Liquide’s experience in specialty gas handling systems. By ‘operate’, we mean it ‘shall fill the g 3 gas mixture at the constant specified concentration, at any time’. This principle of homogenization is transposable and applicable to higher volume containers, such as the already available 500-liter containers used for SF 6 or even larger containers in the future.įor smooth adoption, the g 3 gas cart needed to operate outdoor down to -20☌ and allow similar HV compartment filling time durations as with SF 6. In actuality, the entire g 3 handling cart is automated, thus preventing human errors and creating a more comfortable experience. The cart has been developed with a fully automated warming process that regulates the temperature at the right level during the entire filling process. By doing so, it is helping to ensure that the fluid is kept in the right domain at any time, assuring a homogeneous fluid before it is extracted from the cylinder. Knowing the cylinder inner volume, the density is obtained by controlling continuously the cylinder weight with a weighing scale. The cart can, therefore, manage the filling of the high voltage equipment by controlling only the g 3 pressure and density inside the cylinder. To bring the fluid to supercritical state, the gas handling cart heats the g 3 cylinder with a heating belt. The detailed physical characteristics of g 3 linking the three parameters are known. As these three characteristics are linked together, managing a successful filling can be done by controlling only two of these three parameters, in our case pressure and density. The correct conditions to have a homogeneous mixture as described in the previous section are characterized by the temperature, the pressure and the density in the cylinder. Special gas-handling carts have been developped in order to bring the g 3 gas to the correct conditions described in previous section, before transfering it to the high voltage equipment. Picture 5: g 3 homogeneous liquid-gas mixture obtained above supercritical phase Picture 4: g 3 gas mixture in its liquid form as delivered to the customers in cylinders of oxygen and the complement of CO 2 is 42 ☌. The temperature and pressure to reach will depend on the composition of the mixture.Īs an example, the temperature to achieve a homogeneous state of a g 3 mixture consisting of 6% vol. The transition to this homogeneous state is done by heating a liquid mixture under pressure. At this state, the mixture occupies the entire physical volume and behaves like a single gas having the density of the liquid. At specific temperature and pressure it terminates at a point on the phase diagram called the critical point, where the liquid and gaseous phases become indistinguishable, in what is known as a supercritical fluid. So, how does it work? When warmed, a liquid-vapor equilibrium does not continue indefinitely. It is used by coffee manufacturers looking to move away from classic decaffeinating solvent. Supercritical CO 2, for instance, is becoming an important commercial and industrial solvent due to its role in chemical chemistry in addition to its low toxicity and environmental impact. This thermodynamic process has been applied in many industries. What a terrific word for a simple thermodynamic process that was discovered in 1822 by Baron Charles Cagniard de la Tour, a French engineer and physicist (1). To reach its homogeneous gas state, the liquid mixture must be warmed up so that it reaches a so-called ‘super-critical’ phase. G 3 is ideally delivered in cylinders in its liquid form.
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